Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or it is worthless, defective and of no use.
Waste is the by product of all the matter which is consumed by living organisms and is used in the industries as well as in agriculture and other fields.
Usually this waste is thrown on areas outside the cities but this open disposal decreases the usable land into non-usable land and also polluting the environment.
Waste can be broadly classified as follows
a) Rural waste
b) Urban waste
i) Solid waste
II) Liquid waste
a) Rural waste
Rural waste is the waste from agricultural and dairy forms. These can be reused by burning agricultural waste and composing. The waste produced by the man and animal is now used in the production of fuel by bio-gas plants.
b) Urban waste
It is the waste from house hold articles or from industries within municipal limit It can be again classified into two types.
i) Solid waste
Solid waste is the material is hard (from industries) such as newspaper, cans, bottles, broken glass, plastics container, polythene bags etc.
ii) Liquid waste
It is the water based waste which is produced by the main activation sources of waste.
Sources of waste
i) Industrial waste
It contains solid as well as liquid waste and is formed by the processing of various materials and it contains harmful chemical and solid metal waste.
ii) Domestic waste
It includes all rubbish, garbage, dust, sewage waste etc. It contains combustible and non-combustible materials. When these waste disposal off openly cause various harmful effects.
iii) Agricultural waste
It includes the waste produced from the crops and cattle etc. Open disposal of thin waste create problems for health of man and other animals.
iv) Flu ash
Flu ash produced by interval power plants.
v) Hospital waste
Hospital waste is most harmful waste off contains micro organisms which cause both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
List out the waste material in workshop
• Oily waste such as lubricating oil, coolant etc.
• Cotton waste.
• Metal chips of different materials.
• Electrical waste such as used and damaged accessories, wires, cables, pipes etc.
Methods of disposal of waste
Disposal process
This is the final step of the waste management. From this disposal point or site the materials are selected steps as
• Recycling
• Composing
• Landfill
• Incineration
• Waste compaction
• Reuse
• Animal Feed
• Fire Wood
Recycling
Recycling is one of the most well known method of managing waste. It is not expensive and can be easily done by you. If you carry out recycling, you will save a lot of energy, resources and thereby reduce pollution.
Composting
This is a natural process that is completely free of any hazardous by-products. This process involves breaking down the material into organic compounds that can be used as manure.
Landfill
In this process, the waste cannot be reused or recycled separated out and spread as a thin layer in some low lying areas across the city. A layer of soil added after each layer of garbage. Once this process is complete, this area declared unfit for building construction and is
only used as a playground or a park.
Incineration
It is the process of controlled combustion of garbage to reduce it to incombustible matter, ash, waste gas and heat. It is treated and released into the environment (Fig 3). This reduced 90% volume of waste, some time the heat generated used to produce electric power.
Waste compaction
The waste materials such as cans and plastic bottles compact into blocks and send for recycling. This process need space, thus making transportation and positioning difficult.
Reuse
The amount of waste disposal can be reduced by carefully considering the exact throwing away. Before discarding the item think for the possibility to wash and reuse them. Plastic tubs contents butter or icecream can become effective storage containers for a range of small item like nails or screws.
Animal Feed
Vegetable peel and food scraps can be retained to feed small animals such as lamsters rabbit etc. Large meat bones will be greately reused by feeding dog.
Fire Wood
A small amount of waste disposal can be reused when it comes to refurnishing have or replacing furniture. before dicarding the furniture, cut it into more meaningful process and use as fire wood.